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Margaret Haig Mackworth, 2nd Viscountess Rhondda (12 June 1883 – 20 July 1958) was a Welsh peer, businesswoman, and active suffragette. She was significant in the history of women's suffrage in the United Kingdom. ==Biography== She was born on 12 June 1883 in Newport, Wales. Her parents were David Alfred Thomas, first Viscount Rhondda, and Sybil Haig, also a suffragette. In 1908 she married Sir Humphrey Mackworth, Bt (see Mackworth Baronets). In the same year she joined the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU), and became secretary of its Newport branch and a supporter of its militant campaign. Between 1908 and 1914, she took the campaign for women's suffrage across South Wales, often to hostile and stormy meetings. She was involved in protest marches with the Pankhursts, jumping onto the running board of Liberal Prime Minister H. H. Asquith's car in St Andrews and attempting to destroy a post-box with a chemical bomb.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-22740340 )〕 These activities resulted in a trial at the Sessions House, Usk and her serving a period of time in the prison there. She was released only after going on a hunger strike.〔("2nd Viscountess Rhondda, Politician and businesswoman" at bbc.co.uk )〕 On the outbreak of the First World War, she accepted the decision by the WSPU leadership to abandon its militant campaign for suffrage. She worked with her father, who was sent by David Lloyd George to the United States to arrange the supply of munitions for the British armed forces. In May 1915, she was returning from the United States on the RMS Lusitania with her father and his secretary Arnold Rhys-Evans, when it was torpedoed by a German submarine. The trio were among the survivors. After her father's death, Lady Rhondda tried to take his seat in the House of Lords, citing the Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act 1919 which allowed women to exercise "any public office". The Committee of Privileges, after an initially warm reaction, eventually voted strongly against Lady Rhondda's plea.〔''Viscountess Rhondda's Claim'' () 2 AC 339.〕 She was supported for many years by Lord Astor, whose wife Nancy had been the first woman to take her seat in the House of Commons, but Lady Rhondda never entered the Lords.〔(Margaret, Lady Mackworth: The Lusitania Resource ).〕 She succeeded her father as chairman of the Sanatogen Company in February 1917. In 1920, she founded ''Time and Tide'' magazine. In total, she was a director of more than thirty companies throughout her life, having inherited 28 directorships from her father. A Canadian steamship, the ''Lady Mackworth'', was named after her.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/southeast/halloffame/historical_figures/viscountessrhondda.shtml )〕 Less than a month after Lady Rhondda's death in 1958, women entered the Lords for the first time thanks to the Life Peerages Act 1958; five years later, with the passage of the Peerage Act 1963, hereditary peeresses were also allowed to enter the Lords. Lady Rhondda was elected as the Institute of Directors' first female president in 1926, and in 2015, the annual Mackworth Lecture was launched by the IoD in her honour.〔("Institute of Directors launch annual Mackworth Lecture" )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Margaret Mackworth, 2nd Viscountess Rhondda」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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